- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT 2 AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND MERGER BETWEEN OXIS INTERNATIONAL, INC., OXIS ACQUISITION CORPORATION AND THEROX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. JULY 18, 1995 -6- EXECUTION COPY -------------- AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND MERGER BETWEEN OXIS INTERNATIONAL, INC., OXIS ACQUISITION CORPORATION AND THEROX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION AND MERGER ("Agreement") is made as of July 18, 1995 by and between OXIS INTERNATIONAL, INC., a Delaware corporation ("OXIS"), OXIS Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("OXISub"), and THEROX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware corporation ("Therox") and certain holders of Therox capital stock executing the signature pages of this Agreement. BACKGROUND A. The parties hereto desire that Therox shall be merged with and into OXISub (the "Merger"), that OXISub shall be the surviving corporation and shall continue to be a wholly-owned subsidiary of OXIS and that each share of the Common Stock, par value $.001, and Preferred Stock, par value $0.001, of Therox which is outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger be converted as set forth in this Agreement into shares of the Common Stock, $0.50 par value, of OXIS. B. The parties intend that the Merger constitute a "reorganization" under Section 368(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In consideration of these premises and the mutual agreements set forth herein, THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS: -7- 1 DEFINITIONS The terms defined in this Article 1 shall, for purposes of this Agreement, have the meanings specified in this Article 1 unless the context expressly, or by necessary implication, requires another meaning: 1.1 Closing. "Closing" shall mean the delivery by the parties of the ------- various documents contemplated by this Agreement and the satisfaction or waiver of the other conditions set forth in this Agreement required in order to consummate the Merger. 1.2 Closing Date. "Closing Date" shall have the meaning set forth in ------------ Section 2.2 of this Agreement. 1.3 Code. "Code" shall mean the United States Internal Revenue Code of ---- 1986, as amended. 1.4 Effective Time. "Effective Time" shall mean the time when the -------------- Merger Agreement is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the Merger becomes effective. 1.5 Escrow Agreement. "Escrow Agreement" shall mean the Agreement ---------------- relating to an escrow of certain shares of OXIS Common pursuant to Section 2.6 of this Agreement, in the form attached to this Agreement as Exhibit B. --------- 1.6 Escrow Holder. "Escrow Holder" shall mean Bank of Boston. ------------- 1.7 Exchange Act. "Exchange Act" shall mean the United States ------------ Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 1.8 Exchange Agent. "Exchange Agent" shall have the meaning set forth -------------- in Section 2.7.1 of this Agreement. 1.9 Investment Representation Letter. "Investment Representation -------------------------------- Letter" shall mean the Letter, relating to the restrictions on the transferability of the shares of OXIS Common issued by OXIS in the Merger and other matters, to which each Therox Holder shall be bound, in the form attached as Exhibit D. --------- 1.10 Merger. "Merger" shall mean the merger of Therox with and into ------ OXISub in accordance with this Agreement, the -8- Merger Agreement and applicable law, resulting in OXISub continuing as a wholly- owned subsidiary of OXIS. 1.11 Merger Agreement. "Merger Agreement" shall mean the certificate of ---------------- merger between OXISub, OXIS, and Therox together with the related officer's certificates as required by Delaware General Corporation Law, in the form attached to this Agreement as Exhibit C. --------- 1.12 1933 Act. "1933 Act" shall mean the United States Securities Act of -------- 1933, as amended, and the rules, regulations and forms thereunder. 1.13 Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement. "Officer-Certified -------------------------------------- Disclosure Statement" shall have the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of Article 3 of this Agreement. 1.14 OXIS Common. "OXIS Common" shall mean the Common Stock, $0.50 par ----------- value, of OXIS. 1.15 Percentage of OXIS Shares. "Percentage of OXIS Shares" shall mean ------------------------- the percentages set forth on the List of Therox Holders attached at Exhibit A ---------------------- --------- hereto. 1.16 Registration Rights Agreement. "Registration Rights Agreement" ----------------------------- shall mean the agreement executed by OXIS relating to the registration of the shares of OXIS Common issued by OXIS in the Merger and in connection with the Series B Financing in the form attached as Exhibit E. --------- 1.17 SEC. "SEC" shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission. --- 1.18 Series B Financing. "Series B Financing" shall mean the sale of ------------------ shares of OXIS Series B Preferred Stock as contemplated by the Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement entered into as of the date hereof. 1.19 Series B Investors. "Series B Investors" shall mean those investors ------------------ participating in the Series B Financing. 1.20 Subsidiary. "Subsidiary" shall mean, with respect to a particular ---------- party hereto, any corporation or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of which at least a majority of the securities or interests having by the terms thereof ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of -9- directors or others performing similar functions with respect to such corporation or other organization is directly or indirectly owned by such party or by one or more Subsidiaries, or by such party and one or more Subsidiaries. 1.21 Therox Common "THEROX COMMON" shall mean the Common Stock, $0.001 ------------- par value, of Therox. 1.22 Therox Preferred. "Therox Preferred" shall mean the Preferred Stock $0.001 par value, of Therox. 1.23 Therox Holders. "Therox Holders" shall mean the holders of THEROX -------------- COMMON and Therox Preferred immediately prior to the Effective Time. 1.24 Therox Option. "Therox Option" shall have the meaning set forth in ------------- Section 2.5 of this Agreement. 1.25 Therox Plans. "Therox Plans" shall have the meaning set forth in ------------ Section 2.5 of this Agreement. 1.26 Therox Stockholder Representative. "Therox Stockholder --------------------------------- Representative" shall mean the person selected by the Board of Directors of Therox and authorized by this Agreement to act as the representative of the stockholders of Therox under the Escrow Agreement, and any substitute representatives selected in accordance with the Escrow Agreement. 1.27 Total Number of OXIS Shares to be Issued in the Merger. "Total ------------------------------------------------------ Number of OXIS Shares to be Issued in the Merger" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.3 of this Agreement. 2 MERGER, CLOSING AND CONVERSION OF SHARES 2.1 Merger. Subject to and in accordance with the terms and conditions ------ of this Agreement and the Merger Agreement, OXIS, OXISub and Therox shall execute and file the Merger Agreement with the Secretary of the State of Delaware, whereupon Therox shall be merged with OXISub, with OXISub being the surviving corporation of such merger, pursuant to Sections 252 et seq. of the -- --- Delaware General Corporation Law. -10- 2.2 Closing. The Closing shall take place at the offices of OXIS, on ------- July 18, 1995 at 10:00 a.m., or at such other location, day or time as OXIS, OXISub and Therox shall agree (the "Closing Date") after all of the conditions to the parties' obligations to consummate the Merger set forth in Articles 6 and 7 of this Agreement have been satisfied or waived. 2.3 Conversion of Shares. In accordance with the Merger Agreement, the -------------------- shares of Therox Common and Therox Preferred outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder thereof be converted, at and as of the Effective Time, into such shares of OXIS Common as equal the Total Number of OXIS Shares to be Issued in the Merger multiplied by each such Therox Holder"s Percentage of OXIS Shares ------------- as set forth on the List of Therox Holders attached as Exhibit A hereto. The ---------------------- --------- "Total Number of OXIS Shares to be Issued in the Merger" shall equal 1,440,736. Holders of Therox Common or Therox Preferred shall receive only whole shares of OXIS Common; in lieu of any fractional share of OXIS Common, holders shall receive in cash the fair market value of such fractional share valuing OXIS Common equal to the average closing price of OXIS Common on the Nasdaq National Market for the last ten trading days immediately preceding the Closing Date as reported in the West Coast Edition of the Wall Street Journal. ------------------- 2.4 Additional Consideration. In addition to the OXIS Common to be ------------------------ received by the Therox Holders pursuant to Section 2.3 above, additional consideration in an amount up to $2,000,000 may be payable to the Therox Stockholder Representative on behalf of the Therox Holders pursuant to the terms of this Section 2.4. Set forth on Schedule 2.4 is a list of patents and other technology owned and being developed by Therox for commercial exploitation (the "Therox Technology"). OXIS shall pay to the Therox Stockholder Representative on behalf of the Therox Holders (i) an amount equal to twenty-five percent (25%) of any licensing fees or milestone payments made by any third party licensors of Therox Technology, and (ii) a royalty of ten percent (10%) of net sales of products incorporating any of the Therox Technology. The aggregate of such payments to the Therox Representatives on behalf of the Therox Holders arising from such fees or milestone payments and such royalties shall not exceed $2,000,000. At the election of OXIS, such payments may be made in cash or through the issuance of shares of OXIS Common equal to such payments (which shall be determined by valuing the OXIS Common equal to the average closing price of the -11- OXIS Common on the Nasdaq National Market for the last ten trading days immediately preceding the date payment is made, as reported in the West Coast Edition of the Wall Street Journal. "Net sales of products incorporating any of ------------------- the Therox Technology" and "licensing fees or milestone payments" shall mean the actual cash received by OXIS (or any Subsidiary of OXIS) from the sale or license of any product or technology incorporating any of the Therox Technology, less the value of any returns. The "value of any returns" shall equal the cash paid by OXIS (or any Subsidiary of OXIS) to third parties with respect to products returned to OXIS (or any Subsidiary of OXIS). Amounts owed by OXIS under this Section 2.4 shall be calculated at the end of each of OXIS" fiscal years and payment shall be made to the Therox Stockholder Representative on behalf of the Therox Holders within ninety (90) days of the end of each fiscal year. OXIS shall include with each payment a report of net sales of products incorporating any of the Therox Technology, licensing fees or milestone payments occurring during such year and a calculation of royalties being paid. OXIS shall also deliver to the Therox Stockholder Representative a written summary and review of the status of the development of the Therox Technology within one hundred twenty (120) days of the end of each fiscal year. If at any time on or before July 13, 2000, OXIS determines to cease to develop, or attempt to license or sell to a third party, any of the Therox Technology, OXIS shall notify (the "OXIS Notice") the Therox Stockholder Representative on behalf of the Therox Holders of his decision and the Therox Stockholder Representative on behalf of the Therox Holders shall have the right to have the ownership of such Therox Technology that OXIS has determined not to develop, or attempt to license or sell to a third party, assigned to the Therox Holders at no cost to the Therox Holders. The Therox Stockholder Representative shall notify OXIS of his intent to have the ownership transferred to them on behalf of the Therox Holders within sixty (60) days of receipt of the OXIS Notice, or lose the right to have such ownership transferred. In the event any of the Therox Technology is assigned to the Therox Stockholder Representative on behalf of the Therox Holders, OXIS shall be entitled to (i) an amount equal to twenty-five percent (25%) of any licensing fees or milestone payments made by any third party licensors of Therox Technology, and (ii) a royalty of ten percent (10%) of net sales of products incorporating any of the Therox Technology relating to sales or licenses entered into by the Therox Holders, provided that OXIS (or an OXIS subsidiary) has expended $100,000 on any such -12- product's development. The aggregate of such payments shall not exceed $2,000,000. The terms and definitions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall apply to such payments by the Therox Stockholder Representative or the Therox Holders and other obligations mutatis mutandis, given that the Therox Holders ---------------- will be paying, and OXIS will be receiving, such payments. OXIS' or the Therox Holders' obligation to make payments pursuant to this Section 2.4 with respect to any specific patent or technology constituting Therox Technology shall terminate upon the expiration of any such patent or third party license agreement for Therox Technology, as appropriate. 2.5 Therox Options. -------------- 2.5.1 At the Effective Time, each of the outstanding options or warrants to purchase Therox Common (a "Therox Option") issued under Therox's stock option plan or otherwise shall be exercised or otherwise terminated, and OXIS shall not assume any Therox Option outstanding under the Therox Plans or otherwise. 2.5.2 [This subsection is intentionally left blank.] 2.6 Escrow. In order to provide indemnification in accordance with ------ Article 10 of this Agreement and with the Escrow Agreement, at the Effective Time or as soon thereafter as possible, a stock certificate representing 216,110 shares of OXIS Common (fifteen percent (15%) of the shares of OXIS Common into which the Therox Holders' shares of Therox Common or Therox Preferred were converted pursuant to Section 2.3 of this Agreement) shall be delivered to the Escrow Holder (which shares shall be withheld from each Therox Holder ratably based on each such Therox Holder's Percentage of OXIS Shares as set forth on the List of Therox Holders attached as Exhibit A hereto). The Therox Stockholder - ---------------------- --------- Representative has been selected by the Board of Directors of Therox and, in the event of inability or unwillingness prior to the execution of the Escrow Agreement of such person to act as a Therox Stockholder Representative, a substitute Therox Stockholder Representative shall be similarly selected. The Therox Stockholder Representative is authorized by this Agreement, as a specific term and condition of the Merger to act hereunder and under the Escrow Agreement with the powers and authority provided for herein and therein, as representative of the Therox Holders and their successors. Approval of this Agreement and the Merger at a special stockholders meeting of -13- Therox (or action by written consent of stockholders) relating to this Agreement and the Merger shall constitute approval of the terms and conditions of the Escrow Agreement and ratification of the selection of the Therox Stockholder Representative and of his authority to act hereunder and under the Escrow Agreement on behalf of the Therox Holders and their successors. Any rights of the Therox Holders to receive any shares placed in such escrow shall in no circumstances be sold, assigned or otherwise transferred by them other than by will or pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution. All certificates representing securities delivered to the Escrow Holder shall be accompanied by separate stock powers endorsed in blank by a Therox Stockholder Representative on behalf of the Therox Holders. Subject to the Escrow Agreement, holders of OXIS Common shall retain their voting and dividend rights with respect to securities deposited with the Escrow Holder in accordance with this Section 2.6. 2.7 Exchange of Certificates ------------------------ 2.7.1 Prior to the Closing Date, OXIS shall appoint Bank of Boston, or such other bank or trust company selected by OXIS to act as exchange agent (the "Exchange Agent") in the Merger. 2.7.2 Promptly after the Closing Date, but in no event later than three business days thereafter, the Exchange Agent shall make available for exchange in accordance with this Section 2.7, the shares of OXIS Common issuable pursuant to Section 2.3 hereof, subject to the issuance of 15% of the shares issuable to the Therox Holders into escrow pursuant to Section 2.6 hereof. 2.7.3 As soon as practicable after the Closing Date, the Exchange Agent shall mail to each holder of record of a stock certificate that immediately prior to the Closing Date repre sented outstanding shares of Therox Common or Preferred (a "Certificate") whose shares are being converted into OXIS Common pursuant to Section 2.3, (i) a letter of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall pass, only upon delivery of the Certificates to the Exchange Agent and shall be in such form and have such other provisions as OXIS may reasonably specify) and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificates in exchange for certificates evidencing OXIS Common. Upon surrender of a Certificate for cancellation to the Exchange -14- Agent or to such other agent or agents as may be appointed by OXIS, together with such letter of transmittal, duly executed, the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor (subject to the escrow described in Section 2.6) the number of shares of OXIS Common to which the holder of Therox Common or Preferred is entitled pursuant to Section 2.3 hereof and is represented by the Certificate so surrendered. The Certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be canceled. In the event of a transfer of ownership of Therox Common or Preferred that is not registered in the transfer records of OXIS, or its transfer agent, OXIS Common may be delivered to a transferee if the Certificate representing such Therox Common or Preferred is presented to the Exchange Agent and accompanied by all documents required to evidence and effect such transfer and to evidence that any applicable stock transfer taxes have been paid. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 2.7.3, each Certificate shall be deemed at any time after the Closing Date to represent the right to receive upon such surrender such whole number of shares of OXIS Common as provided in Section 2.3 and applicable law. 2.7.4 No dividends or distributions payable to holders of record of OXIS Common after the Effective Time, or cash payable in lieu of fractional shares, shall be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered Certificate until the holder of the Certificate shall surrender such Certificate. 2.7.5 All OXIS Common delivered upon the surrender for exchange of shares of Therox Common or Preferred in accordance with the terms hereof shall be deemed to have been delivered in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to such shares of Therox Common or Preferred. There shall be no further registration of transfers on the stock transfer books of Therox or its transfer agent of the shares of Therox Common or Preferred that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Closing Date, Certificates are presented for any reason, they shall be canceled and exchanged as provided in this Section 2.7. 2.8 Securities Filings. As promptly as practicable after the date ------------------ hereof, OXIS, with the cooperation of Therox, shall finalize and file with the SEC any documents required by the 1933 Act or Exchange Act in connection with the Merger and OXIS shall prepare and file with the SEC any documents required by the United States federal securities laws in connection with the -15- Merger (including, without limitation the filing of Forms 8-K and 10-C by OXIS when appropriate). OXIS shall also take any action required to be taken under any applicable state securities or "blue sky" laws in connection with the issuance of the OXIS Common in the Merger. The OXIS Common to be issued in the Merger shall not be registered under the 1933 Act and shall be issued to the Therox Holders pursuant to an exemption from registration under the 1933 Act. Therox shall furnish to OXIS all information concerning Therox and the Therox Holders as may be reasonably requested in connection with any action contemplated by this Section 2.9. 2.9 Tax Free Reorganization. The parties intend to adopt this Agreement ----------------------- as a tax free plan of reorganization and to consummate the Merger in accordance with the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code. 3 MUTUAL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Each of OXIS (together with its Subsidiaries for purposes of Sections 3.3 through 3.25 of this Agreement) and Therox (together with its Subsidiaries for purposes of Sections 3.3 through 3.25 of this Agreement) is a "Company" for the purposes of this Article 3, and OXISub is a "Company" for purposes of Sections 3.1 and 3.2. Therox and the Therox Holders are collectively referred to in Article 3 and in Article 4 as "Sellers". Any disclosure delivered by one Company to another party pursuant to this Article shall have been delivered on or prior to the date hereof and certified by an officer of the delivering Company as true, accurate and complete, shall specifically refer to this Agreement and shall identify the Section of this Agreement requiring the delivery of such disclosure (each such disclosure being referred to herein as an "Officer- Certified Disclosure Statement"). Except as set forth in an Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of such Company, (i) OXIS (and, for purposes of Sections 3.1 and 3.2, OXISub) hereby represents and warrants to Therox and (ii) Therox and each Therox Holder (by either signing this Agreement or voting for the Merger at the special meeting of stockholders of Therox, or executing an action by written consent of stockholders authorizing the Merger) hereby represents to OXIS, that: -16- 3.1 Organization and Authority. The Company: (i) is a corporation duly -------------------------- organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation; (ii) has all necessary corporate power to own and lease its properties, to carry on its business as now being conducted and to enter into and perform this Agreement and all agreements to which the Company is or will be a party that are exhibits to this Agreement, and (iii) is qualified to do business in all jurisdictions in which the failure to so qualify would have a material adverse effect on its business or financial condition. The Company has made available to the other party for inspection complete and correct copies of its certificate of incorporation, as amended, and bylaws as in effect on the date hereof and a record of any and all proceedings and actions at all meetings of, or taken by written consent by, its Board of Directors and stockholders, since inception, in each case, certified as true, complete and correct copies by the Company's Secretary. 3.2 Authority Relating to this Agreement; No Violation of Other ----------------------------------------------------------- Instruments. - ----------- 3.2.1 The execution and delivery of this Agreement and all agreements to which the Company is or will be a party that are exhibits to this Agreement and the performance hereunder and thereunder by the Company have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company, and, assuming execution of this Agreement and such other agreements by each of the other parties thereto, this Agreement and such other agreements will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject as to enforcement: (i) to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors' rights; and (ii) to general principles of equity, whether such enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law. 3.2.2 Neither the execution of this Agreement or any other agreement to which the Company is or will be a party that is an exhibit to this Agreement nor the performance of any of them by the Company will: (i) conflict with or result in any breach or violation of the terms of any decree, judgment, order, law or regulation of any court or other governmental body now in effect applicable to the Company; (ii) conflict with, or result in, with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice, any breach of any of the terms, conditions and provisions of, or -17- constitute a default under or otherwise give another party the right to terminate, or result in the creation of any lien, charge, or encumbrance upon any of the assets or properties of the Company pursuant to any indenture, mortgage or lease, by which it or any of its assets or properties are bound, including all Contracts (as defined in Section 3.15); (iii) permit the acceleration of the maturity of any material indebtedness of the Company or of any other person secured by the assets or property of the Company; or (iv) violate or conflict with any provision of the Company's certificate of incorporation, bylaws, or similar organizational instruments. 3.2.3 Except as contemplated in Sections 2.1, 2.8, and 7.7 of this Agreement, no consent from any third party and no consent, approval or authorization of, or declaration, filing or registration with, any governmental or regulatory authority is required to be made or obtained by the Company in order to permit the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or any other agreement to which the Company is or will be a party that is an exhibit to this Agreement by the Company, or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and such other agreements. 3.3 Compliance with Law. The Company holds, all material licenses, ------------------- permits and authorizations necessary for the lawful conduct of the Company's business wherever conducted pursuant to all applicable statutes, laws, ordinances, rules and regulations of all governmental bodies, agencies and subdivisions having, asserting or claiming jurisdiction over the Company or over any part of the Company's operations, and OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox) know of no violation thereof. The Company is not in violation of any decree, judgment, order, law or regulation of any court or other governmental body (including without limitation, applicable environmental protection legislation and regulations, equal employment and civil rights regulations, wages and hours regulations, the payment of social security and other employment related taxes and occupational health and safety legislation), which violation could have a material adverse effect on the condition, financial or otherwise, assets, liabilities, business or results of operations of the Company. 3.4 Investment in Others. Section 3.4 of the Officer-Certified -------------------- Disclosure Statement of the Company contains a list of each corporation, association, partnership, joint venture or -18- other entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, owns an equity interest and sets forth the Company's percentage interest by voting rights and by profits, in each such entity. Except for the entities identified in such list, the Company does not conduct any part of its business operations through any Subsidiaries or through any other entity in which the Company has an equity investment. 3.5 Tax Returns and Payments. All tax returns and reports with respect ------------------------ to the Company required by law to be filed under the laws of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, have been duly and timely filed and all taxes, fees or other governmental charges of any nature which were required to have been paid have been paid or provided for, and OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox) have no knowledge of any actual or threatened assessment of deficiency or additional tax or other governmental charge or a basis for such a claim against the Company. OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox) have no knowledge of any tax audit of the Company by any taxing or other authority in connection with any of its fiscal years; OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox) have no knowledge of any such audit currently pending or threatened, and there are no tax liens on any of the properties of the Company. 3.6 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Since the date (the "Balance ------------------------------------ Sheet Date") of the most recent balance sheet delivered by the Company pursuant to Section 4.2 or Section 5.2, as the case may be (the "Balance Sheet"), except as contemplated by this Agreement, there have been no material changes in the condition, financial or otherwise, assets, liabilities, business or the results of operations of the Company, other than changes in the ordinary course of business which in the aggregate have not been materially adverse. Without limiting the foregoing, including the materiality standard, since the Balance Sheet Date, except as contemplated by this Agreement: (i) the Company has not entered into any transaction other than in the ordinary course of business; (ii) there have been no material losses or damage to any of the assets or properties of the Company due to fire or other casualty, whether or not insured; -19- (iii) there has been no increase or decrease in the rates of direct compensation payable or to become payable by the Company to any employee, agent or consultant (other than routine increases made in the ordinary course of business), or any bonus, percentage compensation, service award or other like benefit, granted, made or accrued to or to the credit of any such employee, agent or consultant, or any material welfare, pension, retirement or similar payment or arrangement made or agreed to be made by the Company (other than such events occurring pursuant to any previously existing benefit plan); (iv) the Company has not executed, created, amended or terminated any contract except in the ordinary course of business; (v) the Company has not declared or paid any dividend or made any distribution on its capital stock, nor redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired any of its capital stock or issued any capital stock, other than under its stock incentive plans identified in Section 4.1 or 5.1, as the case may be; (vi) the Company has not received notice that there has been a cancellation of an order for its products or a loss of a customer of the Company, the cancellation or loss of which would materially adversely affect the condition, financial or otherwise, assets, liabilities, business or results of operations of the Company; (vii) there has been no resignation or termination of employment of any officer or key employee of the Company and the Company does not know of the impending resignation or termination of employment of any officer or key employee of the Company; (viii) there has been no material change in the contingent obligations of the Company by way of guaranty, endorsement, indemnity, warranty or otherwise; (ix) there have been no loans made by the Company to its employees, officers or directors, other than travel advances and other advances made in the ordinary course of business; -20- (x) to the best of the Company's knowledge there has been no waiver or compromise by the Company of a material right or of a material debt owed to it; (xi) the Company has not made or agreed to make any disbursements or payments of any kind to any member or members of its Board of Directors, other than travel advances or reimbursements made in the ordinary course of business or fees or expenses for services rendered; (xii) there have been no capital expenditures by the Company exceeding Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000.00) individually; (xiii) there has been no change in accounting methods or practices (including without limitation, any change in depreciation or amortization policies or rates) by the Company; (xiv) there has been no revaluation by the Company of any of the assets or properties of the Company; (xv) there has been no sale or transfer of any of the assets or properties of the Company, except in the ordinary course of business; (xvi) there has been no loan by the Company to any person or entity; (xvii) there has been no commencement or notice or threat of commencement of any governmental proceeding against or investigation of the Company or its affairs; (xviii) there has been no revocation of license or right to do business granted to the Company; (xix) the Company has not paid any obligation or liability (fixed, contingent or otherwise) or discharged or satisfied any lien, or settled any liability, claim, dispute, proceeding, suit or appeal pending or threatened against it, except for current liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and (xx) there has been no agreement or commitment by the Company to do or perform any of the acts described in this Section 3.6. -21- 3.7 Personal Property. The Company has good title, free and clear of ----------------- all title defects, objections and liens, including without limitation, leases, chattel mortgages, conditional sales contracts, collateral security arrangements and other title or interest-retaining arrangements, to all of its machinery, equipment, furniture, inventory and other personal property which it owns. All such personal property as used in the business of the Company is in good operating condition. All of the leases to personal property utilized in the business of the Company are valid and enforceable and are not in default by the Company, or, to the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), are any of the other parties thereto in default thereof. 3.8 Real Property. The Company does not own any real property. Section ------------- 3.8 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of the Company contains a list of all leases for real property to which the Company is a party, the square footage leased with respect to each lease and the expiration date of each lease. All such leases are valid and enforceable and are not in default. To the best knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), the improvements located thereon, and the furniture, fixtures and equipment relating thereto (including plumbing, heating, air conditioning and electrical systems), conform to any and all applicable health, fire, safety, zoning, land use and building laws, ordinances and regulations. There are no outstanding contracts made by the Company for any improvements made to the real property owned, leased or occupied by the Company that have not been paid for. 3.9 Patents, Trademarks, Trade Names and Copyrights. All patents, ----------------------------------------------- patent applications, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, processes, designs, formulas, inventions, trade secrets, know-how, technology or other proprietary rights which are necessary to the conduct of the Company's business are owned or are useable by the Company. To the best knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), the conduct of any business conducted by the Company does not infringe any patent, trademark, trade name, copyright, trade secret, or other proprietary right of any other person. No litigation is pending or, to the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), has been threatened against the Company or any officer, director, stockholder, employee or agent of the Company, for the -22- infringement of any patents, trademarks or trade names of any other party or for the misuse or misappropriation of any trade secret, know-how or other proprietary right owned by any other party nor, to the best knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), does any basis exist for such litigation. To the best knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), there has been no infringement or unauthorized use by any other party of any patent, trademark, trade name, copyright, process, design, formula, invention, trade secret, know-how, technology or other proprietary right belonging to the Company. 3.10 Litigation. Neither the Company nor any officer or director of the ---------- Company is a party to any pending or, to the best knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), threatened, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, at law or in equity or otherwise in, for or by any court or any governmental body which could have a material adverse effect on: (i) the condition, financial or otherwise, assets or properties of the Company; or (ii) the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; nor, to the best knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), does any basis exist for any such action, suit, proceeding or investigation. The Company is not and has not been subject to any pending or, to OXIS' knowledge (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers' knowledge (with respect to Therox), threatened product liability claim; nor, to OXIS' knowledge (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers' knowledge (with respect to Therox), does any basis exist for any such claim. The Company is not subject to any decree, judgment, order, law or regulation of any court or other governmental body which could have a material adverse effect on the condition, financial or otherwise, assets, liabilities, business or results of operations of the Company or which could prevent the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. 3.11 Protection of Intangible Property. To the knowledge of OXIS (with --------------------------------- respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), each employee and consultant who has worked on or contributed to the development of the Company's technology, trade secrets and other proprietary rights, has executed a proprietary rights and information agreement in the form attached to the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement. The Company has taken reasonable precautions to protect its trade secrets. To OXIS' knowledge (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers' knowledge (with -23- respect to Therox), the Company's trade secrets have not been used, distributed or otherwise exploited under circumstances which have caused, or with the passage of time could cause, the loss of trade secret status. 3.12 Personnel. Section 3.12 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure --------- Statement of the Company contains a list of: (i) all employment, bonus, profit sharing, percentage compensation, employee benefit plans, incentive plans, pension or retirement plans, stock purchase and stock option plans, oral or written contracts or agreements with directors, officers, employees or unions, or consulting agreements, to which the Company is a party or is subject as of the date of this Agreement; and (ii) all group insurance programs in effect for employees of the Company. The Company is not in default with respect to any of the obligations so listed. The Company has delivered complete and correct copies of all such obligations (to the extent they are in writing or written descriptions to the extent they are oral) to the other Company. The Company does not have and never has had any union contracts or collective bargaining agreements with, or any other obligations to, employee organizations or groups relating to the Company's business. All plans described in Section 3.12 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement are in full compliance with all applicable provisions of the Code and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), and regulations issued under ERISA, and to the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), there are no pending, threatened or anticipated claims (other than routine claims) for benefits by, on behalf of, or against any of such plans. Neither the Company nor any of the plans subject to ERISA, nor any fiduciary thereof has engaged in a transaction subject to either a civil penalty assessed pursuant to Section 409 or 502(i) of ERISA or a tax imposed pursuant to Section 4975 or 4976 of the Code in connection with which the Company has directly or indirectly incurred or may incur material liability. The Company has never sponsored or contributed to a defined benefit pension plan as defined in Section 414(j) of the Code. Section 3.12 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement also lists the amount payable to employees of the Company under other fringe benefit plans. 3.13 Certain Payments. To the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) ---------------- and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), neither the Company, nor any stockholder, director, officer, -24- employee or agent of the Company, has made or caused to be made, directly or indirectly, the payment of any consideration whatsoever to any public official, candidate for public office, political party, or other third person in connection with the business or operations of the Company, or pertaining to the Company's relations with any customer, supplier, or creditor, in contravention of the law of the applicable jurisdiction. 3.14 Brokers and Finders. Neither the Company nor any stockholder, ------------------- director, officer, employee or agent of the Company has retained any broker, finder or investment banker in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except as set forth in Section 10.1. OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), will indemnify and hold each other harmless against all claims for brokers', finders' or investment bankers' fees made or asserted by any party claiming to have been employed by the Company or any stockholder, director, officer, employee or agent of the Company and all costs and expenses (including the reasonable fees of counsel) of investigating and defending such claims. 3.15 Contracts. Section 3.15 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure --------- Statement lists all oral or written agreements, notes, instruments, or contracts to which the Company is a party or by which its assets or properties may be bound which involve the payment or receipt of more than Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000.00) (on an annual basis), or which have a term of more than one year, or which involve intellectual property or research and development or clinical testing, or which are employment or consulting agreements (the "Contracts"). The Company is not in default in performance of its obligations under any material provision of such Contracts. OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox) have no knowledge of any violation of any Contract by any other party thereto and OXIS with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), have no knowledge of any intent by any other party to a Contract not to perform its obligations under such Contract. 3.16 Stockholders and Employees. None of the stockholders, directors or -------------------------- management personnel of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company, including without limitation, any contract, agreement or other arrangement: (i) providing for the furnishing of services to or by (other than as employee); (ii) providing for rental of real or personal property to or from; or (iii) otherwise requiring payments to or -25- from, any stockholder, director or management personnel, or any member of the family of any stockholder, director or management personnel or any corporation, trust or other entity in which any stockholder, director or management personnel has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, investor or partner. 3.17 Absence of Environmental Liabilities. To the knowledge of OXIS ------------------------------------ (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), neither the Company nor the real property owned, leased or occupied by the Company is in violation of any applicable federal, state or local law, ordinance, regulation or order relating to industrial hygiene, worker safety, public health and safety, environmental protection, or Hazardous Material (as defined below) on, under or about such real property, including the soil and ground water underlying such real property. To the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), no current use of or condition at the real property owned, leased or occupied by the Company constitutes a public or private nuisance. To the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), any handling, transportation, storage, treatment or use of Hazardous Material (as defined below) by the Company that has occurred on the real property owned, leased or occupied by the Company during the Company's ownership, tenancy or occupancy and prior to the Closing Date has been and will be as of the Closing Date in compliance with all applicable laws, ordinances, regulations and orders relating to Hazardous Material. As used herein, the term "Hazardous Material" means any substance, material or waste which is or becomes regulated as "hazardous" or "toxic" by any local governmental authority, the State of Oregon, the State of California or France (with respect to OXIS) or the State of Pennsylvania (with respect to Therox), or any other state or the United States Government, including without limitation, any material or substance which is: (1) petroleum; (2) asbestos; or (3) defined as a "hazardous substance" under Section 101 or Section 102 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. Section 9601 et seq., as amended ("CERCLA"), and any regulations applicable thereunder. To the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers' knowledge (with respect to Therox), the real property owned, leased or occupied by the Company, including without limitation, the soil and groundwater on or under such real property, is free of any significant release of any Hazardous Material. No notification of release of Hazardous Material pursuant to CERCLA or the federal Clean Water Act or any -26- state or local environmental law or regulatory requirement has been received by the Company as to any of such real property. To the knowledge of OXIS (with respect to OXIS) and the Sellers (with respect to Therox), no hazardous wastes generated by the Company or any of its affiliates in operating the Company's business have ever been sent directly or indirectly to any site listed or formally proposed for listing on the National Priority List promulgated pursuant to CERCLA or to any site listed on any state list of hazardous substances sites requiring investigation or clean-up, nor has the Company arranged for the transportation, treatment or disposal at any site of any Hazardous Material, except in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. The Company has not received from any governmental authority or third party any requests for information, notices of claim, demand letters, or other notification that, in connection with the conduct of its business, it is or may be potentially responsible with respect to any investigation or clean-up of Hazardous Material at any time. 3.18 Power of Attorney; Suretyships. The Company has no power of ------------------------------ attorney outstanding, nor has any obligation or liability, either actual, accrued, accruing or contingent, as guarantor, surety, cosigner, endorser, co- maker, indemnitor or otherwise in respect of the obligation of any other person, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, organization or other entity. 3.19 Business Practices. The Company has not paid, offered or agreed to ------------------ offer anything of value to any government official, political party or candidate for government office nor has it taken any action which would cause it to be in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. 3.20 Accuracy of Documents and Information. The copies of all ------------------------------------- instruments, agreements, other documents and written information set forth as, or referenced in, Schedules or Exhibits to this Agreement or specifically required to be furnished pursuant to this Agreement by the Company to the other Company, including, without limitation, the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of the Company, are and will be complete and correct in all material respects. All information in the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of the Company is accurate as of the date hereof or such earlier date as is specified therein, which in no case is before March 31, 1995, and there have been no material changes in the information set forth therein between the date so -27- specified and the date of this Agreement. No representations or warranties made by the Company in this Agreement, nor any document, written information, statement, financial statement, certificate, Schedule or Exhibit furnished directly to the other Company pursuant to this Agreement or in the Officer- Certified Disclosure Statement of the Company contains any untrue statement of a material fact, or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements or facts contained herein and therein taken as a whole not misleading. There is no undisclosed fact which materially and adversely affects the Company. 4 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THEROX Therox and each of the Therox Holders (by either signing this Agreement or voting for the Merger at the special stockholders meeting of Therox, or executing the action by written consent of stockholders approving the Merger) hereby represents and warrants to OXIS that except as set forth in the Officer- Certified Disclosure Statement of Therox: 4.1 Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of Therox is Two ------------- Million (2,000,000) shares of Common, of which 517,344 shares were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof and One Million (1,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, 1,000,000 of which were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof. Since March 31, 1995, Therox has not issued any shares of Therox Common or Preferred other than upon exercise of outstanding options. A list of all of the stockholders of Therox, with the number of shares owned by each as of the date hereof, is set forth at Exhibit A hereto. All such issued and outstanding --------- shares have been duly authorized and validly issued, and are fully paid and non- assessable. Prior to the Effective Time, all Therox Options shall be exercised, redeemed, lapsed or otherwise terminated. Since March 31, 1995, Therox has not issued any additional Therox Options under the Therox Plans or otherwise. Except as set forth in the preceding sentences, there are no outstanding warrants, options, agreements, convertible or exchangeable securities or other commitments pursuant to which Therox is or may become obligated to issue, sell, purchase, retire or redeem any shares of capital stock or other securities. -28- 4.2 Financial Statements. Therox has delivered the following financial -------------------- statements of Therox (the "Therox Financial Statements") to OXIS: audited Balance Sheets of Therox dated as of December 31, 1993 and 1994, together with audited Statements of Operations, Stockholders' Equity and Cash Flow for the two years ended December 31, 1993, and 1994 and unaudited Balance Sheet and Statements of Operations, Stockholders' Equity and Cash Flow, dated March 31, 1995. Each Therox Financial Statement, together with the notes thereto is in accordance with the books and records of Therox, fairly presents the financial position of Therox and the results of operations of Therox for the period indicated, and has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments with respect to the March 31, 1995 financial statements. 4.3 Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities. As of March 31, 1995, Therox ---------------------------------- has no indebtedness or liability (absolute or contingent) which is not shown or provided for in full on the Balance Sheet dated March 31, 1995 included in the Therox Financial Statements. Except as set forth in the Balance Sheet dated March 31, 1995 included in the Therox Financial Statements, Therox does not have outstanding on the date hereof, nor will it have outstanding on the Closing Date, any indebtedness or liability (absolute or contingent) other than those incurred since March 31, 1995 in the ordinary course of business. 4.4 Patents, Trademarks and Trade Names. Section 4.4 of the Officer- ----------------------------------- Certified Disclosure Statement of Therox sets forth a list of all patents, patent applications, trademarks (registered and unregistered), and trade names (registered and unregistered), of Therox all of which are held by Therox free and clear of all title defects, objections, liens, and other interests of third parties (subject to any licenses disclosed in the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement). 4.5 Employees. Section 4.5 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure --------- Statement of Therox contains a list of the names, current salary rates, bonuses paid during the last fiscal year, and accrued vacation and sick leave for all the employees of Therox. 4.6 Insurance. Section 4.6 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure --------- Statement of Therox contains a list of all insurance policies and bonds in force with respect to Therox showing for -29- each such policy or bond: (i) the owner; (ii) the coverage of such policy or bond; (iii) the amount of premium properly allocable to such policy or bond; (iv) the name of the insurer; and (v) the termination date of the policy or bond. Copies of all such insurance policies and bonds have been furnished to OXIS. All such insurance policies and bonds are in full force and effect. 4.7 Bank Accounts. Section 4.7 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure ------------- Statement of Therox contains a list of all bank accounts of Therox, identifying the name of the bank, the account number, and the authorized signatories to the account. 4.8 Therox Holders. Each Therox Holder is an "accredited investor" as -------------- defined in Rule 501(a) as promulgated by the SEC under the 1933 Act except as set forth on Section 4.8 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement. 4.9 Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Therox and the Therox Holders expressly acknowledge and agree that OXIS shall bear no liability to Therox or the Therox Holders or any other party, arising under the Code or otherwise with respect to the allocation or distribution by the Therox Stockholder Representative of the additional consideration payable pursuant to Section 2.4 of this Agreement. ARTICLE 4.A REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF STOCKHOLDERS Each Therox Holder by either signing this Agreement or voting for the Merger at the special meeting of stockholders of Therox, or executing the action by written consent of stockholders authorizing the Merger, hereby represents and warrants to OXIS that, except as set forth in the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of Therox, all of the Therox Common or Preferred held by such Therox Holder is owned beneficially and of record by such Therox Holder, free and clear of any and all liens, encumbrances and similar obligations or any voting or pooling trusts, agreements or similar arrangements, any redemption and cross purchase (buy/sell agreement), preemptive purchase rights, or any restrictions on the right to transfer. -30- 5 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF OXIS OXIS hereby represents and warrants to Therox that, except as set forth in the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of OXIS: 5.1 Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of OXIS is Five -------------- Million (5,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, of which no shares of Series A Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding and no shares of Series B Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding as of the date hereof (provided, however, upon the closing of the Series B Financing, a substantial number of shares of OXIS Series B Preferred Stock will be issued), and Twenty-Five Million (25,000,000) shares of OXIS Common, of which Ten Million Six Hundred Eighty-Three Thousand Six Hundred Eighty-Seven (10,683,687) shares were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof. All such issued and outstanding shares have been duly authorized and validly issued, and are fully paid and non-assessable. Since March 31, 1995, OXIS has not issued any shares of OXIS Common. As of the date hereof, OXIS had outstanding options or warrants to purchase one million seven hundred ten thousand seven hundred sixty-three (1,710,763) shares of OXIS Common pursuant to the warrants or options it has issued. Since March 31, 1995, OXIS has not issued any additional options or warrants to purchase OXIS Common. Except as set forth in this paragraph, there are no outstanding warrants, options, agreements, convertible or exchangeable securities or other commitments pursuant to which OXIS is or may become obligated to issue, sell, purchase, retire or redeem any shares of capital stock or other securities. 5.2 Financial Statements. OXIS has delivered the following consolidated -------------------- financial statements of OXIS (the "OXIS Financial Statements") to Therox: audited Balance Sheets of OXIS dated as of December 31, 1993 and 1994, together with audited Statements of Operations, Stockholders' Equity and Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 1993 and 1994 and unaudited Balance Sheet and Statements of Operations, Stockholders' Equity and Cash Flow, dated March 31, 1995. Each OXIS Financial Statement together with the notes thereto is in accordance with the books and records of OXIS and the results of operations of OXIS for the period indicated, and has been prepared in accordance with -31- generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, subject to normal year end adjustments with respect to the March 31, 1995 financial statements. 5.3 Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities. As of March 31, 1995, OXIS and ---------------------------------- its Subsidiaries have no indebtedness or liability (absolute or contingent) which is not shown or provided for in full on the Balance Sheet dated March 31, 1995 included in the OXIS Financial Statements. Except as set forth in the Balance Sheet dated March 31, 1995 included in the OXIS Financial Statements, OXIS and its Subsidiaries do not have outstanding on the date hereof, nor will it have outstanding on the Closing Date, any indebtedness or liability (absolute or contingent) other than those incurred since March 31, 1995 in the ordinary course of business or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder and pursuant to the Series B Financing. 5.4 Shares Issued in Connection With the Merger. The shares of OXIS ------------------------------------------- Common to be issued to the Therox Holders pursuant to the Merger, when issued in accordance with this Agreement and the Merger Agreement, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable 5.5 Patents, Trademarks and Trade Names. Section 5.5 of the Officer- ----------------------------------- Certified Disclosure Statement of OXIS sets forth a list of all patents, patent applications, trademarks, registered and unregistered, and trade names, registered and unregistered of OXIS or its Subsidiaries, all of which are held by OXIS or its Subsidiaries free and clear of all title defects, objections, liens and other interests of third parties (subject to any licenses disclosed in the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement). 6 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF OXIS AND OXISUB The obligations of OXIS and OXISub to consummate the Merger is subject to the fulfillment, at or before the Closing, of all the following conditions, any one or more of which may be waived by OXIS. 6.1 Representations and Warranties True at Closing. The representations ---------------------------------------------- and warranties of Therox and the Therox Holders contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to have been made -32- again at and as of the Closing with respect to the stated facts then existing and shall be true in all material respects. The update of the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement shall not disclose any representation or warranty that was true on the date of this Agreement and which is no longer true. 6.2 Covenants Performed. All of the obligations of Therox to be ------------------- performed at or before the Closing pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall have been duly performed. 6.3 Certificate. At the Closing, OXIS shall have received a certificate ----------- from Therox signed by the President of Therox to the effect that the conditions set forth in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 have been satisfied. 6.4 Therox Stockholder Approval; Series B Financing. This Agreement and ----------------------------------------------- the Merger shall have been duly approved by the stockholders of Therox. The Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, among OXIS and certain stockholders of Therox (the "Series B Purchase Agreement") shall have been fully executed and the Series B Financing consummated simultaneously with the transactions contemplated hereunder. 6.5 Opinion of Counsel to Therox. Counsel to Therox shall have issued an ---------------------------- opinion in favor of OXIS in the form of Exhibit F. --------- 6.6 Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement shall have been filed with ---------------- the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. 6.7 Material Changes in the Business Between the Date of this Agreement ------------------------------------------------------------------- and the Closing. There shall have been no material adverse change in the - --------------- financial position, results of operations, assets, liabilities or business of Therox between the date of this Agreement and the Closing. 6.8 No Action to Prevent Completion. No preliminary or permanent ------------------------------- injunction or other order issued by any court or governmental or regulatory authority, nor any other proceeding, which declares this agreement invalid in any material respect or prevents the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein, or which materially and adversely affects the financial position, results of operations, assets, liabilities or business of Therox, shall have been issued, instituted or in effect, and no other litigation or proceedings (setting forth claims on which the claimant has a reasonable likelihood of succeeding) have been -33- instituted or threatened which if successful would result in any of the foregoing. 6.9 Consents. Each of OXIS and Therox shall have received in writing -------- all consents, approvals, and waivers required in connection with the Merger (a) from parties to the agreements, indentures, mortgages, franchises, licenses, permits, leases, and other instruments set forth in Section 6.9 of the Officer- Certified Disclosure Statement of OXIS and Therox and (b) from all governmental authorities. 6.10 Escrow Agreement. The Escrow Agreement shall have been executed by ---------------- the Therox Stockholder Representative and the Escrow Holder. 6.11 Investment Representation Letter. OXIS shall have received an -------------------------------- executed copy of the Investment Representation Letter from each Therox Holder. 6.12 Documentation. All actions, proceedings, instruments, resolutions, ------------- certificates, and documents reasonably requested by OXIS to be executed and delivered to OXIS in order to carry out this Agreement and to consummate the Merger, and all of the relevant legal matters, shall be reasonably satisfactory to OXIS and its counsel. 7 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THEROX The obligations of Therox to consummate the Merger are subject to the fulfillment, at or before the Closing, of all of the following conditions, any one or more of which may be waived by Therox: 7.1 Representations and Warranties True at Closing. The representations ---------------------------------------------- and warranties of OXIS and OXISub contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to have been made again at and as of the Closing with respect to the stated facts then existing and shall be true in all material respects. The update of the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement shall not disclose any representation or warranty that was true on the date of this Agreement which is no longer true. -34- 7.2 Covenants Performed. All of the obligations of OXIS and OXISub to ------------------- be performed at or before the Closing pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall have been duly performed. 7.3 Certificate. At the Closing, Therox shall have received a ----------- certificate signed by an executive officer of OXIS to the effect that the conditions set forth in Sections 7.1 and 7.2 have been satisfied. 7.4 Stockholder Approval. This Agreement and the Merger shall have been -------------------- duly approved by the stockholders of Therox. 7.5 Series B Financing. The Series B Financing contemplated by the ------------------ Series B Purchase Agreement shall close simultaneously with the transactions contemplated hereunder. 7.6 Opinion of Counsel to OXIS. Jackson, Tufts, Cole & Black, counsel -------------------------- to OXIS, shall have issued an opinion in favor of Therox in the form of Exhibit ------- G. - - 7.7 Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement shall have been filed with ---------------- the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. 7.8 Material Changes in the Business between the Date of this Agreement ------------------------------------------------------------------- and the Closing. There shall have been no material adverse change in the - --------------- financial position, results of operations, assets, liabilities or business of OXIS between the date of this Agreement and the Closing. 7.9 No Action to Prevent Completion. No preliminary or permanent ------------------------------- injunction or other order issued by any court or governmental or regulatory authority, nor any other proceeding, which declares this agreement invalid in any material respect or prevents the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein, or which materially and adversely affects the financial position, results of operations, assets, liabilities or business of Therox or OXIS, shall have been instituted or in effect, and no other litigation or proceedings (setting forth claims on which the claimant has a reasonable likelihood of succeeding) have been instituted or threatened which if successful would result in any of the foregoing. 7.10 Consents. Each of OXIS and Therox shall have received in writing -------- all consents, approvals, and waivers required in connection with the Merger (a) from parties to the agreements, indentures, mortgages, franchises, licenses, permits, leases, and -35- other instruments set forth in Section 6.9 of the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of OXIS and Therox, and (b) from all governmental authorities. 7.11 Registration Rights Agreement. Each Therox Holder shall have ----------------------------- received a copy of the Registration Rights Agreement signed by OXIS. 7.12 Documentation. All actions, proceedings, instruments, resolutions, ------------- certificates, and documents reasonably requested by Therox to be executed and delivered to Therox in order to carry out this Agreement and to consummate the Merger, and all of the relevant legal matters, shall be reasonably satisfactory to Therox and its counsel. 8 CONFIDENTIALITY COVENANT AND ANNOUNCEMENTS 8.1 Confidentiality. No party to this Agreement shall use or disclose --------------- any non-public information obtained from another party for any purpose unrelated to the Merger, and, if this Agreement is terminated prior to Closing for any reason whatsoever, each party shall return to the other all originals and copies (and any notes relating thereto) of all documents and papers containing technical, financial, and other information furnished to such party pursuant to this Agreement or during the negotiations which preceded this Agreement, and shall neither use nor disclose any such information except to the extent that such information is available to the public, is rightfully obtained from third parties or is independently developed. 8.2 Announcements. No party to this Agreement shall issue a press ------------- release or other public communication relating to this Agreement, the Merger Agreement, the Merger, the Series B Purchase Agreement or the transactions contemplated by the Series B Purchase Agreement, without the prior approval of the other party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, OXIS may make such announcements regarding the Merger or the Series B Purchase Agreement as, in the judgment of its management after consultation with legal counsel, are necessary to comply with securities laws or Nasdaq regulations; provided, that OXIS shall -36- use all reasonable efforts to allow Therox to review such announcements prior to issuance. 9 INDEMNIFICATION 9.1 Indemnification by Therox and Therox Holders Relating to Agreement. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Therox, and by approval of this Agreement and the Merger at the special stockholders' meeting of Therox, or execution of the action by consent of stockholders authorizing the Merger, each of the Therox Holders who votes for the Merger or signs this Agreement, agrees that the amounts deposited in escrow pursuant to Section 2.6 of this Agreement (in addition to the amounts set forth in Section 9.3 hereof) shall be used to defend, indemnify and hold OXIS and its attorneys and agents and each person who controls OXIS within the meaning of the 1933 Act (collectively, for Section 9.1 hereof, "OXIS") harmless from and against, and to reimburse OXIS with respect to, any and all losses, damages, liabilities, claims, judgments, settlements, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) of every nature incurred by OXIS by reason of or arising out of or in connection with (i) any breach by Therox or any of the Therox Holders of any representation or warranty of Therox or any of the Therox Holders contained in this Agreement or in any certificate or other document delivered to OXIS pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of Therox, or (ii) the failure, partial or total of Therox or any of the Therox Holders to perform any agreement or covenant required by this Agreement to be performed by it. Such indemnification is an after-tax indemnity for after-tax losses, taking into account whether or not any item indemnified against is deductible for tax purposes when paid or accrued by OXIS or Therox or the Therox Holders and whether or not any receipt of indemnity payments hereunder is taxable to OXIS. It is expressly agreed that a diminution in the value of the business of Therox by reason of any of the foregoing shall be deemed a "loss" for purposes of this Article 9. 9.2 Indemnification by OXIS Relating to Agreement. OXIS agrees to --------------------------------------------- defend, indemnify and hold harmless Therox and the Therox Holders from and against, and to reimburse Therox and the Therox Holders with respect to, any and all losses, damages, -37- liabilities, claims, judgments, settlement, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) of every nature incurred by Therox or the Therox Holders by reason of or arising out of or in connection with (i) any breach by OXIS of any representation or warranty of OXIS contained in this Agreement or in any certificate or other document delivered to Therox pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Officer-Certified Disclosure Statement of OXIS, or (ii) the failure, partial or total, of OXIS to perform any agreement or covenant required to be performed by it. Such indemnification is an after tax indemnity for after tax losses taking into account whether or not any item indemnification against is deductible for tax purposes when paid or accrued by Therox or OXIS and whether or not any receipt of indemnity payments hereunder is taxable to Therox or the Therox Holders. 9.3 Maximum Liability. ----------------- 9.3.1 Therox Maximum Liability. Following the Closing, the shares ------------------------ of OXIS Common to be issued in this transaction to the Therox Holders who vote for or approve the Merger or sign this Agreement (in addition to the shares of OXIS Common to be deposited in escrow in accordance with Section 2.6 of this Agreement) and any proceeds from the sale of any such shares of OXIS Common shall constitute an absolute limit on the obligation of Therox and the Therox Holders to indemnify and hold OXIS harmless under this Article 9. The shares of OXIS Common for purposes of this Section 9.3.1 shall be deemed to have the value of the average closing price of OXIS Common on the Nasdaq National Market for the ten trading days immediately preceding the Effective Time as reported in the West Coast Edition of the Wall Street Journal. At the option of the Therox ------------------- Holders, post-closing claims made by OXIS under this Article 9 may be settled by a return of OXIS Common shares issued hereunder or in cash. The liability of the Therox Holders under this Agreement shall be several and not joint. 9.3.2 OXIS Maximum Liability. The liability of OXIS for its ---------------------- indemnification obligations pursuant to this Article 9 shall be satisfied by the issuance of OXIS Common in the maximum aggregate amount of 1,440,736 shares (as adjusted for any future stock splits or reverse splits), which shares shall constitute an absolute limit on the obligation of OXIS to indemnify and hold Therox and the Therox Holders harmless under this Article 9. The shares of OXIS Common for purposes of this Section 9.3.2 shall -38- have the value of the average closing price of OXIS Common on the Nasdaq National Market for the ten trading days immediately preceding the Effective Time as reported in the West Coast Edition of the Wall Street Journal. At the ------------------- option of OXIS, any claims made by Therox or the Therox Holders under this Article 9 may be settled by payment of cash in lieu of shares of OXIS Common. 9.4 Limitation on Indemnification. No party shall be liable for ----------------------------- indemnification under this Agreement unless a claim is in excess of $10,000 and the aggregate amount of all such claims exceeds $75,000, in which case the liability for indemnification under this Agreement shall include such amounts in excess of $10,000. 10 MISCELLANEOUS 10.1 Expenses. Each of OXIS and Therox shall pay its own costs and -------- expenses, including legal, accounting and investment banking fees and expenses, relating to this Agreement, the negotiations leading up to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (it being agreed that at the Closing no such costs or expenses shall be owed by, and exist as a liability of, Therox). Therox represents and warrants that it has not used any broker or finder in connection with the Merger. OXIS has entered into an agreement with Wasserstein Perella & Co., Inc. pursuant to which Wasserstein Perella & Co., Inc. may be entitled to a fee in connection with the closing of certain of the transactions described herein and OXIS agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Therox Holders from any claims made by Wasserstein Perella & Co., Inc. arising from such agreement. 10.2 Amendment. This Agreement shall not be amended except by a writing --------- duly executed by all parties. 10.3 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including the Exhibit, Schedules, ---------------- and other documents delivered pursuant to this Agreement, contains all the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes all prior agreements, negotiations, correspondence, undertakings, and communications of the parties, whether oral or written, respecting that subject matter, including the letter of intent dated May 17, 1995, as amended. -39- 10.4 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed ------------- in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware. 10.5 Headings. The headings contained in this Agreement are intended for -------- convenience and shall not be used to determine the rights of the parties. 10.6 Mutual Contribution. The parties to this Agreement and their ------------------- counsel have mutually contributed to its drafting. 10.7 Notices. All notices, requests, demands, and other communications ------- made in connection with this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given on the date of delivery if delivered by hand delivery or by facsimile to the persons identified below or five days after mailing if mailed by certified or registered mail postage prepaid return receipt requested addressed as follows: If to OXIS: OXIS International, Inc. 6040 N. Cutter Circle, Suite 317 Portland, Oregon 97217-3935 Attention: President Facsimile: (503) 283-4058 Confirmation Number: (503) 283-3911 with a copy to: Jackson, Tufts, Cole & Black 60 S. Market Street, 10th Floor San Jose, California 95113 Attention: Richard Scudellari, Esq. Facsimile: (408) 998-4889 Confirmation Number: (408) 998-1952 If to Therox: Therox Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 20600 Chagrin Blvd., Suite 1150 Shaker Heights, OH 44122-5334 Attention: Timothy G. Biro, President Facsimile: ________________________ Confirmation Number: ______________ -40- with a copy to: Terri N. Gelberg Gelberg & Associates, P.C. 3700 Bell Atlantic Tower 1717 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103-2793 Facsimile: (215) 994-2222 Confirmation Number: (215) 994-5321 Such addresses may be changed, from time to time by means of a notice given in the matter provided in this section. 10.8 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be ------------ unenforceable for any reason, it shall be adjusted rather than voided, if possible, in order to achieve the intent of the parties to the extent possible. In any event, all other provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed valid and enforceable to the full extent. 10.9 Survival of Representations and Warranties. All representations and ------------------------------------------ warranties contained in this Agreement, including the Exhibits, Schedules and other documents delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall survive the Effective Time until the date eighteen (18) months following the Effective Time. 10.10 Waiver. Waiver of any term or condition of this Agreement by any ------ party shall not be construed as a waiver of a subsequent breach or failure of the same term or condition, or a waiver of any other term or condition in this Agreement. 10.11 Assignment. Neither party may assign, by operation of law or ---------- otherwise, all or any portion of its rights or duties under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent may be withheld in the absolute discretion of the party asked to give consent. 10.12 Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts with the ------------ same effect as if the signatures to each party were upon a single instrument. All counterparts shall be deemed an original of this Agreement. -41- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, OXIS, OXISub, and Therox have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written. THEROX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. OXIS INTERNATIONAL, INC. By: ____________________________ By: _______________________________ Name: Ray R. Rogers Title: Chairman of the Board OXIS ACQUISITION CORPORATION By: _______________________________ Ray R. Rogers Chairman of the Board -42- EXHIBIT A --------- OXIS COMMON SHARE DISTRIBUTION ------------------------------